Arabic Vocabulary #1

[Editor]

as-salamu 'alaykum

You can do the following to participate:

1. Take the next word in the paragraph and break it down in the format shown below.
2. Use the word to form your own sentence(s).
3. Post ayaat from the Qur'an containing the word.
4. Pose questions.
5. Answer the questions posed.
6. Help out another member in correcting or filling in any missing component to their answers.
7. Give a thumbs-up if they got it all down right. :thumbsup:

[Editor]

سأل الكفار سيدنا محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام: صف لنا ربك الذي تدعونا إلى الإيمان به وعبادته ، فقال: إن ربي واحد لا شريك له ، يقصده الناس في قضاء حاجاتهم ، وهو لا يحتاج الى المساعدة من أحد.

Translation (of meaning) of paragraph:
*insert translation here*

[Editor]

Word:
سأل sa'ala
Meaning:
(he) asked
Form:
Fi3l maadi (verb, past tense),
mufrad (singular),
mudhakkar (male),
[Min jumlah fi3liyyah (verbal sentence)
I3rab: fi3l maadi mabnee 3alal fath thaahir fee akhirih.]

Different forms of the word:
Madi: سأل
Mudaari3: يسأل - (he) asks
Amr: اسأل - ask!
Masdar: سؤال - question
Ism faa3il: سائل - questioner
Ism Maf3ool: مسألة؟ -
Naahi: لاتسأل - don't ask

[Editor]

Ayah from Qur'an:
سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ
A questioner asked concerning a torment about to befall
[Surah al-Ma'arij (70):1]

My sentence:
سأل الطالب العالم بالدرس

[Stuck in Prison]

Ayah from Qur'an

تَكَادُ تَمَيَّزُ مِنَ الْغَيْظِ كُلَّمَا أُلْقِيَ فِيهَا فَوْجٌ سَأَلَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَذِيرٌ

Surah Mulk 67 - Ayah 8

It almost bursts up with fury. Every time a group is cast therein, its keeper will ask: "Did no warner come to you?"

My Sentence

سأل المدرّس الولد سؤالاً

The teacher asked the boy a question

[Umm Khawla]

Word:
الكفار - al-kuffaar

Meaning:
the Disbelievers

Form:
Ism ma3rifah
jama3

Aayah from Qur'aan:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ قَاتِلُواْ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُم مِّنَ الْكُفَّارِ وَلْيَجِدُواْ فِيكُمْ غِلْظَةً وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ - [Soorah at-Tawbah: 123]

My sentence:
ابو لهب من كفار قريش

[Editor]

Word:
الكفار - al-kuffaar

Meaning:
the Disbelievers

Form:
Ism ma3rifah
jama3 (plural)
[the mufrad (singular) of which is كافر kaafir - disbeliever]
fi jumlah: faa3il marfoo3

Different forms of the word:
Madi: كفر kafara - (he) disbelieved
Mudaari3: يكفر yakfuru - (he) disbelieves
Amr: ?
Masdar: كفر kufr - disbelief
Ism faa3il: كافر kaafir - disbeliever
Ism Maf3ool: ?
Naahi: لاتكفر la takfur - don't disbelieve!

[ismiyy]

the amr version is "ikfur"

كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلْإِنسَانِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِّنكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ

(Their allies deceived them) like Shaitan (Satan), when he says to man: "Disbelieve in Allah." But when (man) disbelieves in Allah, Shaitan (Satan) says: "I am free of you, I fear Allah, the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists)!" [59:16]

and i just checked with a brother, hafidhahullaah, "kafoor" is the ism maf3ool version, and he says that there are ayaat with that word too, but i cant think of any off the top of my head.

[Prof]

11.9
22.38
22.66
31.32
34.17
35.36
42.48
43.15

[Editor]

Ayah from Qur'an:

هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَكُمْ خَلَائِفَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَمَن كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْكَافِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَّا مَقْتاً وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْكَافِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ إِلَّا خَسَاراً

He it is Who has made you successors generations after generations in the earth, so whosoever disbelieves (in Islamic Monotheism) on him will be his disbelief. And the disbelief of the disbelievers adds nothing but hatred with their Lord. And the disbelief of the disbelievers adds nothing but loss.
[Surah al-Faatir (35): 39]

Note:
1. In this ayah, Allah uses the jam3 mudhakkar saalim الْكَافِرِينَ instead of the jam3 takseer الْكُفَّارِ as in our paragraph and the ayah posted by sis Umm Khawla. It's always interesting to note that there're always reasons for the choice of words, even in the sequencing of words, and that's what makes learning arabic all worth the while :)

2. Even though the first word كَفَرَ is past tense, it is translated as present tense "disbelieves". In erm my simple way of explaining it, this is just how the arabic language is. I'm not sure of the terminology :/. To understand it though, compare it to English like when you say "he went to the market to buy fish", even though he has already bought the fish, the preceding word "to" requires the verb "buy" to be in its present tense. So similarly in the arabic, there are words preceding the verb that can cause it to change its form. For example the ayah, qad aflahal mu'minoon... It doesn't mean only the believers in the past were successful, but it is to strengthen (tawkeed) the confirmation of the success of the believers.

[Ok I know this is just a vocab thread but I thought those points are interesting.]

My sentence:
ذهب الكفار إلى محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم
The disbelievers went to Muhammad sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam.

[Editor]

Jazakum Allahu khair :thumbsup:

ismiyy, are you sure it's ikfur? I understand from the ayah that you read it as lil insaanikfur, because the last word "insaan" is majroor. But is it really ikfur on its own? Just checking...

Also, hans-wehr says the mudaari3 is yakfiru... Anyone?

[Catalyst]

is it not makfoor for the mudhaari'?

[Editor]

Fi3l mudaari3 is the present tense verb, and it can only be started with 4 huroof: al-hamzah, at-taa', an-noon and al-yaa'.

It never begins with the harf meem. Maybe you mixed it up with a different form? Ism maf3ool maybe? Can you check please, insha Allah. Jazakillahu khair.

Anyway this is the problem with the whole exercise I guess. Not having proper guidance in learning... Might end up being a case of the blind leading the blind. But hopefully *someone* will come to the rescue soon insha Allah, may Allah hasten her safe arrival here, ameen.

[Catalyst]

[
It never begins with the harf meem. Maybe you mixed it up with a different form? Ism maf3ool maybe? Can you check please, insha Allah. Jazakillahu khair.

.

sorry, must be typing error, yes thats what i meant, in maf'ool ..., so is it makfoor or not when maf'ool?

[Editor]

I have no idea really. It does sound more like it... Wallahu a'lam. I'll try to ask insha Allah.

[Shajaa3ah]

Jazakum Allahu khair :thumbsup:

ismiyy, are you sure it's ikfur? I understand from the ayah that you read it as lil insaanikfur, because the last word "insaan" is majroor. But is it really ikfur on its own? Just checking...

Also, hans-wehr says the mudaari3 is yakfiru... Anyone?

The amr of kafar is ukfur.

If you want to know what the vowel on the initial hamzatul-wasl in the fi3l amr is, look at the first available vowel (not sukoon) of the word.

In this case, it is the dammah over the letter faa'. If it is a dammah, put a dammah on the hamzatul-wasl. If it is a fathah or a kasrah, put a kasrah under the hamzatul-wasl. [So, there would never be a fathah on top of the hamzatul-wasl in a fi3l amr]

I hope that makes sense.

[Editor]

It does, alhamdulillah :thumbsup:

[ismiyy]

i was JUST about to post that ukfur is correct...

I managed to ask someone today...

Anyways, jazaakillaah khair

[Editor]

Word:
سيدنا - sayyidanaa

Meaning:
سيد (sayyid) - master (or in Urdu hazrat! :o )
نا - (naa) - our
سيدنا - our master

Form (سيد):
Ism (noun)
mufrad (singular),
[the jam3 (plural) of which is أسياد asyaad]
mudhakkar (male),
[Fi jumlah: maf'ool bihi]

Different forms of the word (سيد):
Madi: ساد saada - (he) became master, head, chief/(he) ruled, governed, reigned
Mudaari3: يسود yasoodu - (he) becomes master/ (he) rules [as above]
Amr:
Masdar: سيادة siyaadah - command, master; dominion, rule
Ism faa3il: سيد sayyid - master, gentleman, chief
Ism Maf3ool:
Naahi: لا تسود laa tasood - don't become master (?)

-----
Notes:

نا naa is a daamir muttasil. (no idea how to explain further)
It's not really important to know of all the forms of the word but it helps to know them so that you get an idea of the morphology and can associate words (from root words) easily.

[Editor]

sorry, must be typing error, yes thats what i meant, in maf'ool ..., so is it makfoor or not when maf'ool?

You should be more confident when correcting people :P So yea, the wazn should be maf'ool therefore it is makfoor, wa jazakillahu khair. :thumbsup:

[alqudslenna]

the amr version is "ikfur"

كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلْإِنسَانِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِّنكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ

(Their allies deceived them) like Shaitan (Satan), when he says to man: "Disbelieve in Allah." But when (man) disbelieves in Allah, Shaitan (Satan) says: "I am free of you, I fear Allah, the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists)!" [59:16]

and i just checked with a brother, hafidhahullaah, "kafoor" is the ism maf3ool version, and he says that there are ayaat with that word too, but i cant think of any off the top of my head.

assalam alaikum,
Yeah, the amr is Ikfur.

[Shajaa3ah]

.The amr of kafar is ukfur.